Showing posts with label Alzheimer's disease. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Alzheimer's disease. Show all posts

Monday, July 18, 2011

Remembering Dad. Catching up with Alzheimer's.

I am interested in the mental machinery that keeps us sane (or not) but have always been somewhat afraid of being taken over by unwanted demons in the head.  I know nothing of my genetic heritage since I was adopted as a baby but a part of me wonders if my birth mother or birth father, if still living, are mad yet.  My adoptive father did succumb to dementia as I've written about in earlier blogs and experiencing him disappear was at once terrifying and fascinating.  As a daughter, it was hard to watch but the scientist in my could not look away. 

In the early days, each strange statement, or out-of-character emotion, led me further into the rabbit hole of madness and I was consumed with understanding this terrible disease and the human response to it that was evident all around me; my mother's denial, my father's hope, my own morbid curiosity about the devious neuronal aberrations.  As time went on of course, it became starkly obvious that he was over the edge, never to return as the father I loved for his quick, intensely inquisitive mind, and seemingly endless well of knowledge about the most obscure topics.  While there were glimpses of his old self, in an impish grin or a half-told joke (he could never remember where he was in relation to the punch line, or even that one was expected, closer to the end), my dad was now someone different and my memory of him was all that existed of that former self.  We were able to talk sometimes, but rarely to hold a whole conversation. Often, these talks were about things I couldn't see; the boys playing football in the courtyard of the nursing home; the red lights of the signals ahead as the train approached; the car he had just taken into the shop for a repair he thinks he could have done better himself; his mother calling him for tea in the distance.  He was living a full life, but not one he could share or that anyone else would believe.

This week, several news items came up about Alzheimer's Disease. This one from ABC laments the lack of preventatives or treatments for the growing number of Baby Boomers who are entering the early stages of the disease. Here, Medical News Today describes a couple of studies that show patients with signs of Alzheimer's on a brain scan but without any symptoms fall more often than people with no brain signs,  while another study showed that retinal scans can indicate which patients might be at risk of the disease. Yet another study shows certain brain proteins predict disease progression in patients with mild cognitive impairment.  Plenty of research findings that may help determine who of us is just forgetful and who might be on the slippery slope from which there is no return.

This still all leaves me a little cold.  Research is good. Science is good. But for those who have seen the disease take those we love, the fear of knowing what's ahead without any credible way to forestall it is almost cruel.  It presents a dilemma for me as a scientist because I understand the value in identifying the predictors and prognosticators associated with a disease; it's one of the surest paths to eventual prevention and treatment.  However, my emotional side tells me we shouldn't know.  Like watching my dad, I have to get comfortable with seeing it from both sides.  Even so,  the tests are not for me. Yet.

Wednesday, March 3, 2010

Eyes, brains and sea squirts

In 2005 scientists discovered a way to predict who is at risk of Alzheimer's by looking at the lens inside their eye.  As we age our lenses get cloudy over time leading to the formation of cataracts which we can replace with an artificial lens when things get too murky.  There is another type of cloudiness, however, that is caused by the deposition of the same proteins that are believed to play a major role in the development of Alzheimer's disease (AZ). A special ophthalmoscope is needed to identify the amyloid deposits.  Yet another way to get a hint of the pain to come but what of potential new treatments?

Firstly, the humble sea squirt (Ciona intestinalis) offers a possible model for screening new compounds that might inhibit the formation of plaques and tangles that characterize AZ as we know it.  The marine creatures are likely our closest non-vertebrate relatives and share 80% of our genes  (don't get too excited - we share about 98% with chimps). Sea squirt tadpoles share all the known genes for the formation of plaques and tangles and can be stimulated, with the introduction of a mutant protein, to form not only plaques and tangles in one day, but also behavioral defects that can be reversed with an experimental anti-plaque forming drug.  This novel method, development by Bob Zeller and Mike Verata at the San Diego State University, is one of the most interesting and promising steps forward in the quest for AZ drugs.  I wonder if the little guys (the sea squirt tadpoles that is), can help model Lewy Body Disease too?

In other news, a potential new treatment for Alzheimer's made by Pfizer was nixed today by the FDA. The drug, Dimebon (that sounds  a bit like time-bomb if I am pronouncing it correctly) did not show improved cognition or overall functioning in early- to mid-stage AZ patients.  Analysts had been mixed on their expectations, with The Day article citing anticipated ROI ranging from $1.5 billion to zero. Pfizer was disappointed with the results but not as disappointed as all those folks with the inappropriately cloudy lenses that are now anxiously awaiting news of a cure for their impending AZ...